Why English speakers add "do" to a yes/no question

English builds a yes/no question with a helper verb and a flip of word order: "DO you have an appointment?" Lebanese has neither, and the fix is refreshingly simple.

Intonation does all the work. 3indak maw3id? is the plain statement "you have an appointment" spoken with a rising tone. There is no "do" to insert and nothing to reorder. English speakers reflexively add an auxiliary or shuffle the words, and it sounds off.

Politeness lives in vocabulary, not grammar. There is no "polite conjugation" to hunt for. Courtesy is carried by set formulas: law sama7t (please/excuse me), 3an iznak (with your permission), shu ismak el-karim? ("your gracious name?"). That last one is a fixed courtesy, not a phrase to parse word by word — it simply means a warm "may I have your name?"

• 3indak maw3id? — Do you have an appointment? (statement + rising tone)
• 3indik wa2t? — Do you have time? (to a woman)
• law sama7t, shu ismak el-karim? — Excuse me, may I have your name?

Say the statement, then just lift your voice at the end. That lift is the whole question.

Say it with me: 3indak maw3id? — flat words, rising tune, no "do."