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cześć	"hi/bye" — cz and ć are English "ch", ś is "sh"
ładny / mały	Polish "ł" is English "w" — never say "l" — The single trap: Polish ł is English "w", not "l". Say "WAD-ni" / "MA-wi" — never "LAD-ni" / "MA-li". An English speaker's eye reads the letter as "l" every time until this is drilled.
kawa / woda	Polish "w" is English "v" — the classic slip — Polish w = English "v": "KA-va", "VO-da". This is the most persistent English slip because the letter looks identical to English "w".
już / rzeka	"ż" and "rz" are the SAME sound: the s in "measure" — ż and rz spell the SAME single sound (the s in "measure"). Don't read rz as two sounds r+z — rzeka is "ZHE-ka", one buzz, not "r-zeka".
dziękuję	"dź" = English j; stress is the second-to-last syllable — Stress the second-to-last syllable: jen-KOO-yeh. English speakers instinctively hit the last or first syllable; Polish stress is fixed penultimate, so it's a rule to trust, not a per-word memory job.
są / kawę	the nasal vowels "ą / ę" — hum them (ę at word-end → plain "e") — The nasal vowels ą/ę don't exist in English, so learners either drop the nasality or over-do it into "-eng/-em". At the end of a word ę softens to a plain "e" (kawę → "KA-ve"), while ą stays nasal (są → "son").
Cześć! / Dzień dobry!	Hi! (casual) / Good day! (polite) — Not interchangeable the way English "hi" is. Cześć is casual-only (friends, peers, kids); use dzień dobry with anyone you'd treat formally — a shopkeeper, an official, an older person. Using cześć there sounds too familiar.
Dobry wieczór. / Do widzenia.	Good evening. / Goodbye. (polite)
Jak się masz? — Dobrze, dziękuję.	How are you? — Fine, thanks. — Keep się — "jak masz?" without it means "what have you got?". English has no reflexive particle, so learners drop it. Note too that jak się masz is the familiar ty form; don't use it with someone you'd address as Pan/Pani.
Siema! Co tam?	Hey! What's up? (casual, Kuba) — Very casual, Kuba-level slang. Fine among young friends but wrong to a stranger, a customer relationship, or an elder — there's no English register cue warning you off it.
Na razie! / Do zobaczenia!	See you! / See you soon! — Casual/neutral sign-offs. The polite goodbye is do widzenia — don't close a formal exchange (e.g. with Pani Kowalska) with "na razie", which is like ending an official meeting with "laters".
Jak masz na imię?	What's your name?
Mam na imię Tom. A ty?	My name's Tom. And you?
To jest Kuba.	This is Kuba.
jeden, dwa, trzy, cztery, pięć	one, two, three, four, five
sześć, siedem, osiem, dziewięć, dziesięć	six, seven, eight, nine, ten
Dzień dobry, kochanie! Jak się masz?	Good morning, love! How are you?
Mam na imię Tom. A pani?	My name's Tom. And you? (polite)
Jestem Basia. Miło mi.	I'm Basia. Nice to meet you.
To są dwie herbaty — już robię!	That's two teas — coming right up!
Skąd jesteś?	Where are you from?
Jestem z Anglii.	I'm from England.
Nie jestem stąd.	I'm not from here.
On jest z Krakowa.	He's from Kraków.
A skąd pan jest, jeśli można spytać?	And where are you from, if I may ask? (polite, Pani Kowalska)
Co to jest?	What's this?
To jest książka. A to kubek.	This is a book. And this is a cup.
To jest mój bocian. Ma na imię Bocian.	This is my stork. His name is Bocian.
Ta książka jest czerwona.	This book is red.
Chcę tamto! Nie to — tamto!	I want that one! Not this — that!
To moja mama, a to mój tata.	This is my mum, and this is my dad.
Kto to? — To mój dziadek.	Who's that? — That's my grandad.
Mam brata i siostrę.	I've got a brother and a sister.
Ile masz lat? — Mam siedem lat.	How old are you? — I'm seven.
Tu jest kuchnia, a tu mój pokój.	Here's the kitchen, and here's my room.
Dzień dobry. Jest pan umówiony?	Good morning. Do you have an appointment? (to a man)
Proszę o pana nazwisko.	Your surname, please.
Nazywam się Tom Hall.	My name is Tom Hall.
Chwileczkę, proszę.	One moment, please.
Dziękuję. Do widzenia.	Thank you. Goodbye.
Zdejmij buty! Załóż kapcie.	Take your shoes off! Put slippers on.
Zamknij okno, bo przewieje!	Shut the window — there's a draught!
To moja mama, a to Bocian.	This is my mum, and this is Bocian.
Tu jest herbata. Tu nie ma zimna!	Here's the tea. No cold in here!
Gdzie jest kawiarnia? — Tu, na rogu.	Where's the café? — Right here, on the corner.
Dzień dobry! Co podać?	Good morning! What can I get you?
Poproszę kawę i wodę.	A coffee and a water, please.
Lubię kawę. Naprawdę ją lubię!	I like coffee. I really like it!
To co zwykle, kochanie?	The usual, love?
Ile to kosztuje?	How much is this?
Pięć złotych. A tamto — dwa złote.	Five złoty. And that one — two złoty.
Poproszę to, nie tamto.	I'll take this one, not that one.
dziesięć, dwadzieścia, pięćdziesiąt, sto	ten, twenty, fifty, a hundred
Zapłacisz następnym razem. Na zeszyt.	Pay next time. On the tab.
Masz ochotę na kawę?	Do you fancy a coffee?
Chcę iść do parku. W sobotę?	I want to go to the park. On Saturday?
Jestem dziś zmęczony.	I'm tired today.
poniedziałek, wtorek, środa, czwartek, piątek	Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday
A tak właściwie — czego tu szukasz?	So actually — what are you looking for here?
Siema! Co tam słychać?	Hey! How's it going?
No. No ba! Spoko.	Yeah. Oh, definitely! Cool.
Idziesz na kawę? — No!	Coming for a coffee? — Yeah! (NOT "no"!)
Jasne, dawaj. Na razie!	Sure, let's go. See ya!
Dzięki, stary. Spoko.	Cheers, mate. No worries.